Compare and Contrast Essay, Cause and Effect Analysis Essay

A compare and contrast essay is a type of essay that identifies
commonalities and differences between at least two or more equal subjects.

Compare and contrast essay is a useful essay type for illustrating the differences and similarities of related things or concepts, especially if they are frequently misunderstood or unfairly grouped together.

I and IV are correct because the book says "It is important to underline here that the subjects
addressed should be related rather than two very distinct entities. For example, two different cars,
two different universities, two different cities or even two different brands of kitchen sponge can be
the topics of compare and contrast essays. However, it would be inappropriate to choose a computer and a cheetah as subjects of comparison and contrast essays. The subjects addressed should be related in a way that makes these subjects worth comparing and contrasting. Put differently the subjects to be compared must have enough in common to justify the comparison.

I, IV, III. II

Topic selection process is described in the book as follows:

Select a wide category that you are knowledgeable about. Think of “winter sports.” Can I divide this category into more manageable points? For instance, ice skating, ice hockey, skiing, snowboarding, and so forth. If so, choose two of these specific units to discuss in an essay. These will be your narrowed subjects. For instance, you could compare and contrast snowboarding and skiing.
Think of certain points of comparison and contrast. For example, the instruments used, the
history of the sports, popularity etc.

I, III, IV, V Because these are the different branches of the same wide topic. However, II. focuses on the comparison of two different and distinct types of drinks. 

The focus of comparing is to address the similarities between two subjects. The aim of comparing is to give an account of the similarities between the subjects.The focus of contrasting is on the differences between the topics handled.  

In academic writing, compare and contrast essays can be written with the purpose of supporting
a certain subject and persuading the reader. With the help of similarities and differences between
the subjects, the author tries to emphasise the superiority of one subject to the others addressed.

Argumentative  essays concentrate on one theme. On the other hand, compare and contrast essays deal with several themes rather than concentrating on just one. 

The drawback of compare and contrast essays is that they do not adequately describe the individual topics like single-topic essays do. That is why,  the topics are addressed relatively superficially when compared to other types of essays.

Compare/contrast essays follow the commonly
employed internal organisation as:
Introduction: Where you express your thesis or
what your essay will explore.
Body: The longest part where you actually
give an account of the similarities and differences
between your subjects.
Conclusion: Where you wrap up and conclude
your points.

The book says that "Before starting to write an introduction to your
paper, creating Venn diagrams will be a useful step to draft the paper. The diagram will serve as
a guide to determine which aspects of the subjects resemble to or differ from each other, thus enabling the author to come up with a sound argument regarding the relationship between the subjects.

I, II, IV

The following characteristics of a thesis statement are found in I, II, and IV.

In the introduction section you are expected to write a thesis statement about the purpose of the essay.
It is essential to keep in mind that you need to include all of your subjects of comparison in your thesis
statement. The thesis statement must be as informative as possible, but interesting and catchy at the same time.

The readers must feel that reading the essay on the specific subjects of comparison and contrast is
worth their time.

In the body section because similarities and differences between two entities are handled in the body. 

The most challenging aspect of compare and contrast essay structure is deciding when to discuss which topic. There are three options of organisation regarding when to discuss each subject
of comparison and contrast:
1. Subject by subject (Block Method)
2. Point by point (Alternating method)
3. Similarities and differences

Subject by subject method is also called the block method. 

Subject by subject method organisation requires the author to devote separate paragraphs for the subjects being compared and contrasted. If you decide toemploy this pattern of organisation for comparing and contrasting things, you need to say everything (your details) about your first subject, and then everything about your second subject

Point to point pattern is also referred as alternating pattern.

Point by Point requires the author to devote different paragraphs to points of comparison rather than the subjects compared. In other words every comparison point has to be handled in a different paragraph. In the first paragraph after the introduction, you have to compare or contrast your subjects on a specific point. Then, in the second paragraph, you need to provide a comparison or a contrast between your subjects on the other point and so on. 

Point by Point strategy works well when the author wants to highlight the relationship—or
lack thereof—between the subjects.

The core difference between subject by subject and point by point method is that in the subject by subject method, the paragraphs address the subjects independently while in the point by point method, the paragraphs address both subjects at the same time.

In the Similarities and Differences option,  each subject is covered side by side in the same paragraph. 

Point by Point type of organization. It is explained like this.

Notice that the author starts the essay with a thesis statement signalling that the focus of the essay is comparing rather than contrasting. In other words, the two cities are likened to each other in terms of immigration, tourism, and cost of living. One paragraph has been spared for each one of these comparison points. The first paragraph after the introduction describes both cities in terms of immigration relative to each other. The second paragraph is spared for the comparison of the two cities regarding tourism. The third paragraph compares New York and Sao Paulo in terms of life expenses. It can easily be noticed that the author has spared as many paragraphs as the number of comparison points. There are a total of 3 comparison points and 3 paragraphs each describing the two cities on one of the points addressed. In this pattern of organisation, the number of paragraphs needed depends on the number of comparison and contrast points, which means that compared to the other patterns of organisation, point-by-point pattern might require more paragraphs.

Conclusion part can be thought of as the wrap up section of the essay. 

A cause and effect analysis essay focuses on examining both the reasons why something
occurred and its effects.

A cause is the reason why a certain event or situation occurred and an effect is what happens
after an event or a situation.

The goal of a cause and effect essay is to explain distinct phenomena in terms of their
causes and effects. Cause and effect essays employ analysis to look at the causes and results of events. They represent an effort to ascertain the causes of something, such as the decision made or an occurrence, the outcomes that can be rightfully assigned to it, or both. 

When organising this kind of essay, it is crucial to:
• familiarise your audience with the topic,
• identify the causes and thoroughly examine
them,
• discuss all the resulting impacts,
• offer sufficient evidence to support each
claim, and
• briefly summarise the most important ideas
to make an impression.

Introduction includes the author’s thesis statement and informs the reader about the events or situations that will be discussed in terms of their cause and effect relationship. The thesis statement may focus on a single cause-and-effect relationship or it may demonstrate how a single event or a situation results in a number of different outcomes. You might also investigate the various causes of an event

The body of a cause-and-effect essay can include either focus-on-causes or focus-on-effects.