From Knowledge Creation to Innovation

Knowledge creation and industrial applications of knowledge.

The practical know-how necessary to accomplish specific tasks or solve particular technical problems.

Information is composed of data. Within the knowledge creation process data is the beginning. Data can be many things: It could be unorganized messages that we get from what we read and our experiences, it could be numbers, it could be text. Once we start organizing data in a particular way, we tend to create information. It is like connecting the dots, where each dot is in fact a data and the connections are information. When we accumulate information, we tend to understand and become knowledgeable about a phenomenon. This is like connecting different pieces of information to arrive at an understanding and obtain knowhow. The process of how we reach to knowhow could be linear, as suggested and assumed by mainstream economics, in the sense that first we obtain data and then form information and then use this information to create knowledge.

Knowledge is our entire cognitive context. It is composed of information containing structured data, what we learn when we read, listen, think and of our personal experiences, for instance, learning by doing processes.

1) codified knowledge

2) tacit knowledge

Knowledge, messages, medium, language, modelling.

Basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge, which is directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective.

Commercialization

Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names, and images used in commerce, including copyrights, trademarks, patents, and related rights.

It is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides, in general, a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. To get a patent, technical information about the invention must be disclosed to the public in a patent application.

To be patented the invention must

• consist of a patentable subject matter: Depending on the country and the IP law in that country the invention should meet eligibility requirements for application. Think about the patent of James Watt. It was possible to obtain a patent then, but now obtaining a patent for general methods is not possible.

• be industrially applicable: The invention should demonstrate usefulness in industry. • be new: The invention must be novel and not disclosed or known to the public before the patent application is filed.

• exhibit a sufficient “inventive step”: The invention should be non-obvious to a skilled person in the relevant field. It should not be a simple modification of existing knowledge or technology.

Exclusive rights granted to authors and creators for their literary, artistic, or musical works.

Exclusive rights granted to owners of distinctive signs (such as logos, names, or symbols) used in commerce to distinguish a firm’s goods or services from others.

A business innovation is a new or improved product or business process (or combination thereof) that differs significantly from the firm’s previous products or business processes and that has been introduced on the market or brought into use by the firm (OECD, 2018).

A product innovation is a new or improved good or service that differs significantly from the firm’s previous goods or services and that has been introduced on the market.

A business process innovation is a new or improved business process for one or more business functions that differ significantly from the firm’s previous business processes and that have been brought into use in the firm.

The concept of innovation system was developed to address several shortcomings in the traditional approach trying to understand the role of technology in economic growth.

An innovation system is a network of institutions and organizations in the public and private sectors that interact and collaborate to generate, disseminate, and utilize knowledge and technologies.

Christopher Freeman